Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C).

Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.

In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt.

Add the cold, cubed butter to the flour mixture and mix until it resembles coarse crumbs.

Pour in the buttermilk and vanilla extract, stirring gently until just combined.

If adding dried fruit or chocolate chips, gently fold them in.

Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface and knead gently a few times, patting it into a circle about 1 inch thick.

Use a cookie cutter or knife to cut the dough into triangles or rounds.

Place the scones on the prepared baking sheet and bake for 15-20 minutes until golden brown.